1/28/2024 0 Comments Picture of meteoroidThat meteoroid used to be a part of a comet. Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space Exploration, 1958-2016. a small chunk of rock or iron that travels through space Sentences: When a meteoroid heats up in Earth’s atmosphere, it makes a bright trail. Saliga, an official in charge of Air Force exhibits at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio, who designed a display to coincide with the launch. The name was apparently suggested not by any NASA official but by Stephen A. Department of Defense officially bestowed the name “Pioneer” to the probe, although it has often been retroactively known as Pioneer 1. In a press release soon after the launch, the U.S. Investigators later concluded that an accelerometer had mistakenly cut off the Able stage because of an incorrect setting of a valve. The probe reentered Earth's atmosphere about 43 hours after launch. The probe verified the existence of the Van Allen Belts and returned other useful data on the boundary of the geomagnetic cavity. The probe did, however, reach an altitude of 71,303 miles (114,750 kilometers) by 11:42 UT on launch day, according to NASA information from February 1959. An attempt to insert the spacecraft into high Earth orbit at 79,970 x 20,000 miles (128,700 × 32,200 kilometers) by using its Thiokol-built retro motor failed because internal temperatures had fallen too low for the batteries to provide adequate power. ![]() The probe was designed to record micrometeoroid impacts, take magnetic field and radiation measurements, and to obtain a “facsimile image of the surface of the Moon.”ĭuring launch, the Thor second stage shut down 10 seconds early due to incorrect information from an accelerometer measuring incremental velocity.Īs a result, the launch vehicle had insufficient velocity for the probe to escape Earth’s gravity. ![]() The spacecraft was very similar in design to the Able 1 probe and like its predecessor, built by Space Technology Laboratories (STL). space mission technically under the aegis of the recently formed National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). 13, 1958: Reentered Earth's atmosphere In Depth: Able 2 (Pioneer 1)Īlthough the United States Air Force (USAF) actually conducted the mission, this was the first U.S. 130/DM-1812-6)Ĭape Canaveral Air Force Station, Fla. Due to a malfunction, the spacecraft never reached the Moon but did return data on the near-Earth environment. ![]() Able 2, later named Pioneer 1, was the first spacecraft launched by NASA.
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